A-Level Religious Studies · AQA Paper 1 Harlington School · Philosophy & Ethics

Religious Experience

One unit, one argument — told three times. What are religious experiences, are they real, and what — if anything — do they prove?

The
big
question

Can a private encounter with God ever carry public weight — as evidence for anyone else, or only as faith for the one who had it?

01

The experience spectrum

Each lesson's positions line up on one axis — and the poles change with the lesson: encounter → union, brain → God, evidence → faith. Pick a sub-topic, then tap a position to see what it claims and where it's strong or weak.

EncounterUnion

Tap a circle — or use Tab and Enter — to explore each position.

The thread that ties it together

Top answers don't treat the three lessons separately. Three ideas run through all of them — spot the thread and you're writing at the top of the mark scheme.

The privacy problem

Bernadette's sister and friend saw nothing. That single fact drives the verification debate — and the strongest objection to Swinburne.

William James

Four marks in lesson 1, "any route — judge by fruits" in lesson 2, public fruits as evidence in lesson 3. One scholar, all three lessons.

Definition decides verdict

What you say an experience IS (encounter or union) sets what would verify it — and what it could ever prove.

02

The same question, three times

The unit splits into three debates. They look different, but each is really asking what a private encounter is worth.

Sub-topic 1

The Nature of Religious Experience

What are they?
VisionsCorporeal, imaginative, intellectual (Augustine).
OttoThe numinous — wholly other; mysterium tremendum et fascinans.
JamesFour marks: ineffable, noetic, transient, passive.
StaceNon-sensuous union — extrovertive & introvertive.
Sub-topic 2

Verifying: the Challenges

Are they real?
FreudWish-fulfilment — hallucinations of need.
ScienceTLE · the God Helmet · entheogens (Pahnke).
ResponseThe brain is God's channel, not the author.
Two modelsDownwards (God gives) & interaction (we reach out).
Sub-topic 3

Swinburne & the Value of Experience

What do they prove?
CredulityWhat one seems to perceive is probably so.
TestimonyOthers' reports are probably as they say.
CriticsPrivate seemings can't carry the weight of God.
ValueFoundational · inspirational · life-changing — faith confirmed.
03

Your resources

🎯 Practice and intervention for this unit · the Arena warm-up, the same question answered at D, C, B and A*, the four moves of your tier, timed writing with Coach Owl

Everything for the unit, in one place. Open a sub-topic's lesson, booklet and podcast, and use the Philosopher Companion across all three.

Teacher setup: links aren't set yet. Open this file, find the LINKS list near the bottom, and paste each SharePoint share link once. Buttons with no link show as “Link not set”.
04

How to revise this unit

Use your resources in this order. The Philosopher Companion is where you learn to plan both question types.

Watch the lesson & listen to the podcast

One podcast per sub-topic — a teacher and student talk each view through to a judgement. Annotate as you listen.

Complete the greyscale booklet

Read the given text, write the key claims in your own words, then decide the strength and weakness you'd give each view.

Match & apply the key terms

In the Companion: match each term to its meaning, then use it in a sentence. RAG-rate the mastery checklist with the three faces.

Plan AO1, then build AO2 on top

Use the Companion frameworks and the guidance-left / your-turn-right scaffolds. Never evaluate what you haven't first explained.

AO1 · Examine the views (10)
What it is — the factual chain: define the experience type, then set out each account in order and apply a named case (Teresa, St Paul, the God Helmet).
Aim — explain the whole range accurately and neutrally. No judging yet.
AO2 · Evaluate the claim (15)
What it is — a three-paragraph dialectic: view, then evaluation → counter-evaluation → implication; mirror it; then judge.
Aim — weigh the views, use one as a lens on another, and reach a justified judgement that links back to your thesis.
05

Watch: the whole unit in one go

A full review of Religious Experience — the nature of the experiences, the challenges from science, and Swinburne's principles. Best watched before you start revising, then again to check your recall.

Video not set

Teacher: paste the YouTube link in the VIDEO_URL line near the bottom of this file. The player then appears here automatically.

06

Flashcards — test yourself

Flip a card to check yourself. Switch between key terms (term → meaning) and views (view → claim, strength & weakness), and filter by sub-topic.

Tap any card to flip ·