Edexcel GCSE (9–1) Religious Studies B · Paper 2 · Area of study 3 · Living the Muslim Life Harlington School · RE Course · Support Grade
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Unit 04

Living the Muslim Life

Eight topics, one unit. The divergent Muslim practices set side by side, the key ideas connected, and every source of wisdom and authority the examiner expects, all in one place.

The
big
question

How do Muslims turn belief into daily practice, and where exactly do Sunni and Shi'a Muslims part?

01

The divergent views explorer

Every (d) in this unit turns on the divergent Muslim practices: usually Sunni and Shi'a, set side by side exactly as the examiner wants. Pick a topic, then tap a position to see what it claims. The top-marks move and a 7-minute discussion question travel with each topic.

Tap a circle, or use Tab and Enter, to explore each position.

The thread that ties it together

Top marks are not more content: they are three habits applied to every topic. Spot them and every (d) in this unit opens the same way.

Divergent views, side by side

Never one practice at a time. Set Sunni and Shi'a against each other: five Pillars or ten acts, five prayer times or three, 2.5% or a further 20%, and name the exact point they part. That comparison IS the analysis the (d) is marked on.

The (d) regulation

Chain each point (claim → because → this means → therefore), steelman the other side, weigh BOTH arguments, a strength AND a limit, then justify the conclusion.

Source-first accuracy

A named surah beats a vague paraphrase, fasting 'so that you may become righteous' (Qur'an 2:183), not 'it says fasting is good for you'. One learned line, placed precisely, is what turns a (c) from 3 marks into 5.

02

8 topics, one unit

Each panel is a topic's key idea: the connective explanation that links the key words into one argument, with the source of wisdom and authority the (c) question expects. Learn the chain, not the list.

Topic 1 · LM01

The Ten Obligatory Acts

How is belief turned into daily practice?
BELIEF NEEDS DOINGIslam is not only what a Muslim thinks: belief has to become repeated, obligatory action that shapes the shape of every single day.
5 PILLARS (SUNNI)Sunni Muslims structure that action as five duties: Shahadah, Salah, Sawm, Zakah and Hajj: declaring, praying, fasting, giving, pilgrimage.
TEN ACTS (SHI'A)Shi'a Muslims list ten obligatory acts, adding khums, jihad, amr-bil-maruf, nahi-anil-munkar, tawalla and tabarra to the practical Pillars.
NOT TWO RELIGIONSThe extra six are mostly about justice, loyalty and community duty, so the two lists differ in shape rather than in the faith behind them.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 8:41 · Why Shi'a Islam has ten, not five
Topic 2 · LM02

Shahadah

Why do just TWO sentences carry so much weight?
TWO CLAUSES'There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah', the whole of Muslim belief compressed into a single sentence.
TAWHIDThe first clause states the oneness of Allah, ruling out every rival god, idol and partner, and making shirk the gravest possible sin.
RISALAHThe second clause accepts Muhammad as the final messenger, which is what makes the Qur'an and the Sunnah binding on a Muslim life.
SAID AND MEANTDeclared sincerely before witnesses it makes a person Muslim; it is whispered to newborns and hoped for as the last words at death.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 47:19 · The words of the Shahadah
Topic 3 · LM03

Salah

Why pray at exactly the same times, every single day?
WUDU FIRSTSalah begins with wudu, the washing commanded in Qur'an 5:6, the body made clean so the mind can turn wholly to Allah.
FIXED TIMESFajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha divide the day, so no stretch of waking life passes without a Muslim returning to Allah.
ONE DIRECTIONEvery Muslim faces the Ka'aba in Makkah, so the worldwide ummah bows towards a single point in one unbroken daily circle.
SET WORDS & ACTSRak'ah after rak'ah, standing, bowing, prostrating, with Qur'anic Arabic, the body acts out the submission that the word 'Islam' means.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 5:6 · Preparing for Salah
Topic 4 · LM04

Sawm

What does fasting actually teach?
DAWN TO SUNSETThrough Ramadan adult Muslims take no food, drink, smoking or sexual relations between first light and sunset, every day for a lunar month.
MORE THAN FOODThe fast also means giving up anger, gossip and lies; the Prophet taught that a fast without that is only going hungry.
EMPATHYHunger felt by choice teaches what the poor feel by necessity, which is why Ramadan is the great month of Muslim charity.
SELF-DISCIPLINEQur'an 2:183 gives the purpose, fasting is prescribed 'so that you may become righteous', the will trained to obey Allah over appetite.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 2:183 · Fasting and empathy
Topic 5 · LM05

Zakah and khums

Why is charity a REQUIREMENT, not a choice?
WEALTH IS ALLAH'SNothing a Muslim owns is finally their own; wealth is held in trust from Allah, so giving is returning rather than donating.
ZAKAH · 2.5%Every Muslim above the nisab gives 2.5% of surplus wealth each year. A fixed duty, so the poor have a right to it.
KHUMS · 20%Shi'a Muslims also pay khums, one fifth of surplus income, divided between the descendants of the Prophet and the community's religious authorities.
PURIFICATIONGiving purifies what is left and purifies the giver of greed, so obligatory charity is an act of worship, not merely welfare.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 2:110 · Why Zakah is obligatory, not optional
Topic 6 · LM06

Hajj

Why must every able Muslim make this journey at least once?
ONCE, IF ABLEQur'an 3:97 makes Hajj a duty for every Muslim with the health and the money, performed in Dhul-Hijjah at least once.
IHRAMPilgrims enter a state of purity and put on ihram, two plain white cloths for men, so wealth, class and nationality become invisible.
THE RITESTawaf circling the Ka'aba, sa'y between Safa and Marwah, standing at Mount Arafat, the night at Muzdalifah, then stoning the pillars at Mina.
ONE UMMAHMillions in identical dress saying identical words make the worldwide ummah visible, and pilgrims return home changed by having seen it.
Source of wisdom & authorityThe Prophet's Farewell Sermon (Hadith) · Equality at Hajj
Topic 7 · LM07

Jihad

What does 'Jihad' actually mean, and what doesn't it mean?
JIHAD = STRUGGLEThe Arabic word means striving or struggling in the way of Allah. It does not mean 'holy war', and it is not a Pillar.
GREATER JIHADThe daily inner struggle to pray, fast, resist temptation and live faithfully, the one every Muslim fights, and the one named greater.
LESSER JIHADThe outer struggle to defend Islam or the oppressed by force: permitted, but hedged with strict conditions and never a first response.
THE CONDITIONSDeclared by a proper authority, defensive not aggressive, proportionate, stopped the moment peace is offered, and never harming civilians.
Source of wisdom & authorityHadith (recorded by al-Bayhaqi) · 'The greater Jihad'
Topic 8 · LM08

Celebrations and commemorations

What do Muslim celebrations actually celebrate?
EID AL-FITRThe first of Shawwal ends the Ramadan fast: special prayers, charity paid before the prayer, new clothes, gifts and shared food.
EID AL-ADHAThe greater Eid falls at the end of Hajj, remembering Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son at Allah's command.
QURBANIAn animal is sacrificed and the meat divided in three, family, friends and the poor, so obedience becomes food for someone hungry.
ASHURAThe tenth of Muharram is kept by both traditions but for utterly different reasons, and that difference is the sharpest in this unit.
Source of wisdom & authorityQur'an 37:102–107 · The story behind Eid al-Adha
03

Your resources

Everything for the unit, in one place: each topic's lesson deck and workbook pages, plus the unit-wide documents. The file each button points to is named underneath it.

Teacher setup: links aren't set yet. Open this file in a text editor, find the LINKS list near the bottom, and paste each SharePoint or OneDrive share link once. Buttons with no link show as "Link not set".
04

How to revise this unit

Use the resources in this order: the same loop as the lessons, so revision feels like coming home.

Retrieve before you re-read

Five recall questions from memory: spelling the Arabic terms out in full, and getting the percentages and the prayer names exactly right, self-scored /5 before opening any notes. Then the same five at +1 week and +1 month.

Re-walk the lesson deck

One deck per topic, LM_L01 to LM_L08. Cover the definitions, say them aloud, then reveal. The deck is the shortest route back into the topic.

Work the workbook pages

The Lesson Companion has the same task numbers as the board. Redo Task 3 (the key source) and Task 5 (the Sunni/Shi'a practice debate) from memory.

Write the (d) the Level 4 way

Chain · steelman · weigh both (a strength AND a limit) · justify. Check yourself against the Model Answer Bank before you look at any mark scheme.

The marks map · (a) (b) (c) · 12 marks · AO1
(a) 3 marks · outline three. Three crisp sentences; no development needed.
(b) 4 marks · explain two. Each point plus one development ("this means that…").
(c) 5 marks · explain two and use a source of wisdom and authority, one learned line, placed exactly.
The (d) · 12 marks (+3 SPaG on two of them) · AO2
What it is · a full evaluation: arguments for, arguments against, both developed, with religious teaching used on each side.
Level 3 (7–9) · logical reasoning across different viewpoints, accurate understanding, a partially justified conclusion.
Level 4 (10–12) · critical deconstruction, sustained and thorough accuracy, and a conclusion fully justified against the strongest counter-argument.
SPaG · 3 extra marks are awarded on two (d) questions per paper. Spell the key words correctly and use them accurately.
05

Watch: the whole unit in one go

A full review of Living the Muslim Life: all eight topics as one argument. Best watched before you revise, then again to check recall.

Video not set

Teacher: paste the YouTube link in the VIDEO_URL line near the bottom of this file. The player then appears here automatically.

06

Flashcards · test yourself

Flip a card to check yourself. Switch between key terms (term → meaning) and divergent views (view → what it claims), and filter by topic.

Tap any card to flip ·