Edexcel GCSE (9–1) Religious Studies B · Paper 1 · Area of study 4 · Matters of Life and Death Harlington School · RE Course · Support Grade
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Unit 07

Matters of Life and Death

Eight topics, one unit. The divergent Christian views, and the scientific and humanist voices this paper expects most of all, set side by side, the key ideas connected, and every source of wisdom and authority in one place.

The
big
question

Where does life come from, what makes it sacred, and who, if anyone, has the authority to end it: why do Christians, scientists and humanists answer so differently?

01

The divergent views explorer

Every (d) in this unit turns on the divergent views · Catholic beside Anglican beside liberal Christian, and beside the scientific and humanist voices this paper expects more than any other. Pick a topic, then tap a position to see what it claims. The top-marks move and a 7-minute discussion question travel with each topic.

Tap a circle, or use Tab and Enter, to explore each position.

The thread that ties it together

Top marks are not more content: they are three habits applied to every topic. Spot them and every (d) in this unit opens the same way.

Divergent views, side by side

Never one view at a time. Set Catholic beside Anglican beside the humanist and the scientist, where they agree, and the exact point they part: that comparison IS the analysis the (d) is marked on.

The (d) regulation

Chain each point (claim → because → this means → therefore), steelman the other side, weigh BOTH arguments, a strength AND a limit, then justify the conclusion.

Source-first accuracy

A correctly named source beats a vague paraphrase: Genesis 2:15, not 'the Bible says care for the earth'; the Abortion Act 1967 and its 24-week limit, not 'it's legal'. One learned line, placed precisely, is what turns a (c) from 3 marks into 5.

02

8 topics, one unit

Each panel is a topic's key idea: the connective explanation that links the key words into one argument, with the source of wisdom and authority the (c) question expects. Learn the chain, not the list.

Topic 1 · MLD01

Origins of the universe

Where did everything come from?
BIG BANGScience traces the universe to a rapid expansion from a single point about 13.7 billion years ago, a theory first proposed by Georges Lemaître, a Catholic priest.
SIX DAYSLiteralist Christians read Genesis as fact: God created the universe in six days, exactly as written, so any theory that contradicts the text must give way.
METAPHORLiberal Christians read Genesis as metaphor: it answers WHO made the universe and WHY, while the Big Bang describes the method God chose to use.
SUBDUE THE EARTHGenesis 1:28 ends the account in responsibility, 'fill the earth and subdue it', so whoever is right about origins, humans hold the earth in trust.
Source of wisdom & authorityGenesis 1:28 · 'Fill the earth and subdue it'
Topic 2 · MLD02

Origins of human life

Are humans special, or just clever apes?
EVOLUTIONDarwin's theory: life developed over millions of years by survival of the fittest, with humans and apes sharing common ancestry rather than separate creation.
BREATH OF LIFEGenesis 2:7 answers differently: God formed the man and breathed into him 'the breath of life', human life is a deliberate, purposeful creation.
IMAGE OF GODGenesis 1:27 adds that humans alone carry God's image, the claim of unique dignity on which sanctity of life, abortion and euthanasia will all later rest.
THE SPLITLiteralists therefore reject evolution outright, while the Church of England's General Synod accepts it as the method God used, the same divide as the universe.
Source of wisdom & authorityGenesis 2:7 · 'The breath of life'
Topic 3 · MLD03

Life after death

Is death really the end?
RAISED WITH CHRISTEphesians 2:6 says God 'raised us up with Christ'. Jesus' resurrection is the guarantee that for the believer death is a doorway, not a wall.
PURPOSE & REWARDThe afterlife gives this life direction: how you live now is judged, so belief in heaven shapes behaviour, brings comfort in grief and courage in dying.
NOT REINCARNATIONOther faiths teach rebirth in another body; Christians reject reincarnation, each person lives once, dies once and then faces judgement (Hebrews 9:27).
CLAIMED EVIDENCENear-death experiences and paranormal reports are offered as evidence that something survives: claims churches treat cautiously, since Christian hope rests on Christ, not ghosts.
Source of wisdom & authorityEphesians 2:6 · 'Raised us up with Christ'
Topic 4 · MLD04

The natural world

Whose job is it to save the planet?
THE DAMAGEPollution, deforestation and global warming are human-made harms: the planet's crisis is a crisis of behaviour, which makes it a moral question, not only a scientific one.
TAKE CARE OF ITGenesis 2:15 sets the Christian answer: humans were placed in the garden 'to work it and take care of it'. The earth is God's, held on trust.
NOT JUST A THING TO USELooking after the earth rules out treating it as a thing to be used, there only to satisfy human wants, because a steward answers to the owner, not to appetite.
FAITH IN ACTIONAt Assisi in 1986 faith leaders committed their religions to conservation; Christians respond through greener churches, campaigning and charities such as A Rocha.
Source of wisdom & authorityGenesis 2:15 · 'Work it and take care of it'
Topic 5 · MLD05

Sanctity of life

What makes a life sacred?
MADE BY GODLife is God's deliberate act: planned, breathed into being (Genesis 2:7) and known before birth (Psalm 139), never an accident of chemistry.
IN HIS IMAGEGenesis 1:27 makes every human a carrier of God's image, so dignity is unconditional: not earned by health, ability or usefulness, and not lost with them.
GOD'S TO ENDIf God gives life and makes it holy, then authority over its end is God's alone, the principle that will drive the abortion and euthanasia debates.
LOVE'S CHALLENGESituation ethics (Fletcher) answers that agape is the only absolute: rules, even sanctity, exist to serve love, and in some situations love may ask for something else.
Source of wisdom & authorityGenesis 1:27 · 'In his own image'
Topic 6 · MLD06

Abortion

When does life begin, and who decides?
THE LAWThe Abortion Act 1967 permits abortion in Great Britain up to 24 weeks, when two doctors agree legal grounds are met, later only in exceptional cases.
PRO-LIFEThe pro-life argument: life begins at conception, so the unborn already carries the image of God, the Catechism (2271) calls abortion 'absolutely excluded'.
PRO-CHOICEThe pro-choice argument: the woman's life, health and circumstances are already fully real, so the decision belongs to her conscience, not to the state or a church.
BETWEEN THE POLESMany Christians stand between: the Church of England calls abortion a serious moral matter yet permits it in strictly limited cases, while situation ethics asks what love requires here.
Source of wisdom & authorityCatechism of the Catholic Church 2271 · 'Absolutely excluded'
Topic 7 · MLD07

Arguments against the afterlife

Is the afterlife just wishful thinking?
NO EVIDENCEThe core objection: no one has verifiably returned from death, and neuroscience ties every thought to the brain, so when the brain stops, the person stops.
WISHFUL THINKINGCritics add a motive: humans fear death and grieve the dead, so the afterlife looks less like a discovery and more like a comfort we invented.
CONTROL & FRAUDSharper still: heaven and hell can work as social control, keeping people obedient, and mediums claiming contact with the dead have repeatedly been exposed as fraudulent.
THE REPLYChristians answer from 1 Peter 3: faith rests on the witnessed resurrection of Jesus, not on mediums, and explaining why a belief comforts does not make it false.
Source of wisdom & authority1 Peter 3:21 · 'Saved by the resurrection'
Topic 8 · MLD08

Euthanasia

Who has the authority to end a life?
WHAT IT ISEuthanasia is life-ending medication given by a third party to relieve suffering, voluntary if the person asks, non-voluntary if they cannot, and it is illegal in the UK.
GOD'S AUTHORITYJob's answer, 'shall we accept good from God, and not trouble?', places life's end under God's authority: sanctity of life and Natural Law both forbid taking it.
THE HOSPICEThe hospice movement is Christianity's practical reply: pain relief, dignity and presence at the end of life, so that no one need ask to die.
FOR CHOICEAgainst this, humanists and Dignity in Dying argue that a competent, suffering adult should be able to choose. A change Parliament is now actively debating.
Source of wisdom & authorityJob 2:10 · 'Shall we accept good, and not trouble?'
03

Your resources

Everything for the unit, in one place: each topic's lesson deck and workbook pages, plus the unit-wide documents. The file each button points to is named underneath it.

Teacher setup: links aren't set yet. Open this file in a text editor, find the LINKS list near the bottom, and paste each SharePoint or OneDrive share link once. Buttons with no link show as "Link not set".
04

How to revise this unit

Use the resources in this order: the same loop as the lessons, so revision feels like coming home.

Retrieve before you re-read

Five recall questions from memory, which position is Catholic, which Anglican, which humanist, plus the 24-week limit and who proposed the Big Bang, self-scored /5 before opening any notes. Then the same five at +1 week and +1 month.

Re-walk the lesson deck

One deck per topic, MLD_L01 to MLD_L08. Cover the definitions, say them aloud, then reveal. The deck is the shortest route back into the topic.

Work the workbook pages

The workbook comes in three tiers, Supported, standard and Grade 9, with the same task numbers as the board. Redo Task 3 (the key source) and Task 5 (the euthanasia debate) from memory, in whichever tier stretches you.

Write the (d) the Level 4 way

Chain · steelman · weigh both (a strength AND a limit) · justify. Check yourself against the Model Answer Bank before you look at any mark scheme.

The marks map · (a) (b) (c) · 12 marks · AO1
(a) 3 marks · outline three. Three crisp sentences; no development needed.
(b) 4 marks · explain two. Each point plus one development ("this means that…").
(c) 5 marks · explain two and use a source of wisdom and authority, one learned line, placed exactly.
The (d) · 12 marks (+3 SPaG on two of them) · AO2
What it is · a full evaluation: arguments for, arguments against, both developed, with religious teaching used on each side.
Level 3 (7–9) · logical reasoning across different viewpoints, accurate understanding, a partially justified conclusion.
Level 4 (10–12) · critical deconstruction, sustained and thorough accuracy, and a conclusion fully justified against the strongest counter-argument.
SPaG · 3 extra marks are awarded on two (d) questions per paper. Spell the key words correctly and use them accurately.
05

Watch: the whole unit in one go

A full review of Matters of Life and Death: all eight topics as one argument. Best watched before you revise, then again to check recall.

Video not set

Teacher: paste the YouTube link in the VIDEO_URL line near the bottom of this file. The player then appears here automatically.

06

Flashcards · test yourself

Flip a card to check yourself. Switch between key terms (term → meaning) and divergent views (view → what it claims), and filter by topic.

Tap any card to flip ·